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Understand metabolic markers in your lab result
Learn how to read metabolic markers in your blood test result, what high or low flags can mean, and which related markers to check before talking to your doctor.
Reference ranges vary by lab. One result alone cannot diagnose a condition.
Don't guess from one marker alone.
Upload your full blood test PDF and see how these markers fit with the rest of your results, reference ranges and trends.
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- GlucoseBlood Glucose
Blood glucose measures the concentration of sugar in the blood. Fasting glucose is measured after at least 8 hours without eating and is used to screen for diabetes and prediabetes.
- HbA1cGlycated Hemoglobin
HbA1c measures the percentage of hemoglobin coated with glucose. Because red blood cells live about 3 months, HbA1c reflects average blood sugar control over the previous 2–3 months.
- InsulinFasting Insulin
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose by facilitating its entry into cells. Fasting insulin levels help assess insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell function.
- C-Peptide
C-peptide is released from the pancreas in equal amounts to insulin. Because it stays in the blood longer than insulin and is not affected by injected insulin, it gives a clearer picture of how much insulin the pancreas itself is making.
- Fructosamine
Fructosamine reflects average blood glucose over the previous 2–3 weeks. It is sometimes ordered as a shorter-term complement to HbA1c, which averages glucose over ~3 months.
- eAGEstimated Average Glucose
eAG is a helper value calculated from HbA1c that translates the HbA1c percentage into the same units used for everyday glucose readings (mg/dL or mmol/L). It is not a stand-alone test and has no independent reference range.